控股股权交易中控股股东的义务——以控制权溢价为视角

控制权溢价是指用来购买公司控股股权而支付的超过非控股股权转让价格以上的价格部分,其存在已为经济学的实证研究所证实。控股股权交易(协议转让)原则上不需公司有权机关批准,包含控制权溢价在内的转让价格由交易双方商定,对公司和其他股东的权益产生重大影响。控股股权协议转让中控股股东的诚信义务可具体化为调查义务、信息披露义务,以及特定情形下的忠实义务,义务的违反直接导致与控制权溢价归属相关的法律后果。我国应针对控制权溢价存在的事实,对上市公司协议收购中的控股股东课以具体的诚信义务形式。     

先买权基础理论之探究

先买权可以分为法定先买权与意定先买权、物权性先买权与债法上的先买权。债法上的先买权是一种形成权，不具有对抗第三人的效力；物权性先买权则是一种物权取得权，具有对抗第三人的效力。我国民事立法中规定的先买权应解释为债法上的先买权，不具有对抗第三人的效力。     

论宋与辽、夏、金的榷场贸易

两宋时期特殊的政治格局使宋王朝在发展与辽、夏、金等少数民族政权贸易时,将政治与经济紧密结合起来。其主要特点是:双方采取严格控制的官营贸易形式;贸易的开展受双方政治关系制约;敌对双方都将对方急需的军用、重要物资列为贸易违禁物品。同时,因地域分工是中国古代民族贸易兴起和长期存在的基本前提与基础,即使在战时,南北两地互补余缺的物资交流也从未停息过。     

浅析雇佣关系中的商业秘密保护与竞业禁止制度

商业秘密能够给权利人带来巨大的经济价值或竞争优势，因此要加强对商业秘密的保护，尤其是要加强对雇佣关系中的商业秘密的保护。在雇佣关系中，商业秘密权的保护与择业自由权的保护存在着冲突，是保护商业秘密的难点。竞业禁止作为保护商业秘密的手段，同时存在于在职期间和离职后，雇主通常与雇员签订竞业禁止协议来保护商业秘密，如何确认竞业禁止协议的合法性、合理性问题是保护商业秘密的又一个难点。     

司马迁对汉代经学的传承与超越

司马迁与汉代经学之间有着复杂关系。汉代经学对司马迁创作《史记》的影响主要表现在天人政治观、经学历史观、经学伦理观等层面。“究天人之际,通古今之变,成一家之言”的《史记》著述动机,集中反映出司马迁对汉代经学的整体性超越。     

关于“国家垄断资本主义”的定义及其概念的解释

课本《马克思主义原理》对“国家垄断资本主义”的定义过于简单化,使这一概念带有相当程度的模糊性,在教学活动中,往往造成学生思维脱节、思路中断,难以全面理解其根本性质。教师讲受这一概念时,应作详细解释,并给出较为全面的定义,以利于学生认清国家垄断资本主义的本质。     

网络外部性与产品垄断定价策略研究

当产品存在网络外部性时,垄断厂商在一个较长的时期内如何分阶段提供产品并制定一个合理的价格以获得最大的利润是一个重要问题,因为网络外部性可能会对消费者的预期有着重要的影响,从而影响垄断厂商的定价策略和利润.为了探讨这一问题,本文通过构造一个两阶段的动态模型,分垄断厂商可以在不同的阶段提供同质产品和差异产品两种情形来分析了存在网络外部性条件下垄断厂商的动态价策略.研究表明,若垄断厂商在不同阶段提供同质产品,则第一时段的价格要高于第二时段价格的贴现值;若垄断厂商在第二阶段提供差异产品,则产品的价格会比没有网络外部性的情况下有所降低.     

Agreement and discrepancy between children,parents, and social workers on school‐based effort avoidance in child welfare services

A multiperspective approach is beneficial for obtaining reliable and multifaceted pictures of child behaviour problems. The goal of the present study is to examine interrater agreement on school‐based effort avoidance between children receiving child welfare services, parents, and social workers. Given previous findings, interrater agreement is expected to be low. Self‐reported data on school‐based effort avoidance were gathered for children and adolescents in child welfare services. Additionally, social workers (using the Teacher‐Report Checklist for social and learning behaviour) and parents (using the parallel version of the self‐rating questionnaire on school‐based effort avoidance) were asked to complete an external assessment tool to compare children's perspectives with the ratings of significant adults. The results confirmed significant discrepancies between parents' and children's ratings on effort avoidance tendencies. Furthermore, there were only small to moderate correlations between children's self‐ratings and the adults' assessments; however, the consensus between adults was higher than the interrater agreement between children and social workers. Discrepancies in ratings from multiple informants underline the importance of integrating multiple perspectives, especially children's perspectives, in the diagnostic process in order to plan and adapt appropriate care and treatment.     

Agreements About Extra-Dyadic Sex in Gay Men's Relationships: Exploring Differences in Relationship Quality by Agreement Type and Rule-Breaking Behavior

Research comparing the quality of monogamous and non-monogamous (“open”) relationships among gay men has produced mixed findings. In addition, little is known about the consequences of breaking the rules of relationship agreements about extra-dyadic sex. Results from a survey of 229 gay men in romantic relationships showed that open relationships were less passionate, but no less intimate or committed, than monogamous or “threesome-only” relationships. However, men who broke rules reported lower relationship quality overall, regardless of the relationship agreement. Thus, it is less the nature of the agreement itself than adhering to the conditions of it that influences relationship quality.     

An emerging transnational industrial relations? Exploring the prospects for cross‐border labour bargaining

Global union federations (GUFs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been concluding “international framework agreements” (IFAs) to protect their interests amidst the globalizing economic landscape. By modelling the underlying bargaining processes, the authors show that IFAs can be expected when both sides exhibit risk aversion, although the agreement will favour the less risk‐averse side. Since globalization has created fewer vulnerabilities for MNEs than for GUFs, IFAs have so far typically delivered only minimal benefits for labour. But this should change in the future if strengthened transnational union capacities and abilities to threaten MNEs with reputational costs bring greater equalization of attitudes towards risk.